List of state leaders in 1688

See also:

Africa

China (Qing Dynasty) - Kangxi, Emperor of China (1662–1722)
Garhwal - Fateh Shah, King of Garhwal (1684-1716)
Guler - Gopal of Guler, Raja
Hindur - Hari Chand, Raja of Hindur
Japan -
- Monarch - Higashiyama, Emperor of Japan (1687–1709)
- Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Shogun of Japan (1680–1709)
- Ryūkyū Kingdom - Shō Tei, King of Ryūkyū (1669–1709)
Jaswal - Kesari Chand, Raja of Jaswal
Katoch - Kirpal of Katoch, Maharaja
Korea (Joseon Dynasty) - Sukjong, King of Joseon (1674–1720)
Mughal Empire - Aurangzeb, Emperor of the Mughal Empire (1658-1707)
Sirmur - Mat Prakash, Raja of Sirmur (1684-1704)

Denmark–Norway - Christian V, King of Denmark (1670–1699)
England - James II, King of England (1685–1689)
France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
Holy Roman Empire - Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658–1705)
Electors
- Bavaria - Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
- Bohemia - Leopold I, King of Bohemia (1657–1705)
- Brandenburg - Frederick I of Prussia, (as Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg), (1688–1713)
- Cologne -
- Mainz -
- Saxony -
- Trier -
Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire - Süleyman II, Ottoman Sultan (1687–1691)
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1674–1696)
Portugal - Pedro II, King of Portugal (1667–1706)
Russia - Peter I and Ivan V, Tsars of Russia (1682–1696)
Savoy - Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy (1675–1730)
Scotland - James VII, King of Scotland (1685–1689)
Spain - Charles II, King of Spain (1665–1700)
Tuscany - Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1670–1723)
United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - Prince William III of Orange, Stadtholder of Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1672–1702)
  - Holland - Grand Pensionary
    1. Gaspar Fagel (1672–1688)
    2. Michiel ten Hove (1688–1689)